The Twelve-Point Agreement: An Agreement to Preserve and Protect Tibet
The Twelve-Point Agreement, also known as the Agreement of the Central People’s Government and the Local Government of Tibet on Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet, was signed on May 23, 1951, between the People`s Republic of China and the Tibetan government in Lhasa. The agreement aimed to provide a peaceful resolution to the political and territorial conflict in Tibet.
The agreement is divided into twelve points that outline the terms of the agreement. These points include the following:
1. The Tibet region is a part of the territory of the People`s Republic of China.
2. The government of Tibet is to reform its administration and the legal system in accordance with the laws of the People`s Republic of China.
3. The land and resources of Tibet are to be owned by the People`s Republic of China but are to be used and developed for the benefit of the people of Tibet.
4. The religious beliefs, customs, and habits of the Tibetan people are to be respected and protected.
5. The Tibetan language is to be preserved and promoted, and the people of Tibet are to have the right to use and develop their own language.
6. The Tibetan people are to enjoy equal rights with the people of other nationalities in the People`s Republic of China.
7. The government of the People`s Republic of China is to assist Tibet in developing its economy and improving the living standards of the people.
8. The Tibetan people are to be represented in the government of the People`s Republic of China.
9. The government of Tibet is to be assisted in maintaining public order and stability by the People`s Republic of China.
10. The government of the People`s Republic of China is to respect the traditional authority of the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama.
11. The Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama are to assist the government of the People`s Republic of China in promoting unity and stability in Tibet.
12. The agreement is to be implemented in a peaceful and friendly manner.
The signing of the Twelve-Point Agreement marked a significant turning point in the history of Tibet. The agreement provided a framework for peaceful coexistence between Tibet and China, and it allowed for the integration of Tibet into the People`s Republic of China. However, the implementation of the agreement was not without controversy, and it continues to be a source of debate and tension between Tibet and China.
In conclusion, the Twelve-Point Agreement was a significant milestone in the history of Tibet. It provided a framework for peaceful coexistence between Tibet and China, and it recognized the unique cultural and religious traditions of the Tibetan people. However, the implementation of the agreement has not been without challenges, and tensions between Tibet and China continue to this day.